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A long-running ''samizdat'' periodical of the post-Stalin USSR, ''A Chronicle of Current Events'' ((ロシア語:Хро́ника теку́щих собы́тий)) was an underground magazine that became the main voice of the Soviet human rights movement, inside the country and abroad. ''A Chronicle of Current Events'' was founded in Moscow on 30 April 1968. Despite constant harassment by the Soviet authorities more than sixty issues of the ''Chronicle'' were published between April 1968 to December 1982. The periodicial offered a unique overview of the nature and extent of political repression in the Soviet Union. It had no rival, although in the 1970s similar samizdat publications emerged in Ukraine and Lithuania; it had its precursors in underground publications produced by confessional and ethnic minority groups. The ''Chronicle'' was produced by dissenting members of Moscow's literary and scientific intelligentsia who gathered and published information about the struggle against human rights violations all over the Soviet Union and, to some extent, in the Soviet Bloc as well. In time its coverage extended to almost all the constituent nations, confessional and ethnic groups of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The founder and first editor of the ''Chronicle'' was Natalya Gorbanevskaya, a main contributor to the publication. A participant in the 1968 Red Square demonstration, she was forced to undergo psychiatric examination, then〔(''A Chronicle of Current Events'' No 4, 31 October 1968 — 4.1 "The trial of the Red Square demonstrators" )〕 and later. In 1970 she was tried and convicted and sent to the Kazan Special Psychiatric Hospital,〔(''A Chronicle of Current Events'': No 15, 31 August 1970 — 15.1 "The trial of Natalya Gorbanevskaya" ).〕 from which she was released in 1972.〔(''A Chronicle of Current Events'' No 24, 5 March 1972 — 24.10 "News in brief". ) ''Uncensored Russia – The Human Rights Movement in the Soviet Union''. Peter Reddaway (ed). London: Andre Deutsch, 1972. pp 159–160〕 Others stepped forward to take Gorbanevskaya's place (see Section 4 The Editors, below) and were themselves, in turn, subjected to various forms of harassment and intimidation. This pattern would be repeated more than once over the next 13 years. == Background and origins == By the early 1960s critically minded adults and youngsters in Moscow (later they would be known as dissidents) were confronted by a growing range of information about ongoing political repressions in the Soviet Union. For example, the writers Yuli Daniel and Andrey Sinyavsky, sentenced and imprisoned in 1966, told of far greater numbers of political prisoners in letters home from the prison camps, than they and others had previously believed to exist. For the circle of future editors, this picture was amplified by Anatoly Marchenko's ''My Testimony'', a seminal text which began circulating in samizdat in December 1967.〔Anatoly Marchenko, ''My Testimony'', Pall Mall Press: London, 1969 (Penguin: London, 1971).〕〔 It provided a detailed account of his time in labor camps and Soviet prisons, as well as describing the conditions there. Through other contacts and friends, during prison or camp visits, older and younger generations in Moscow began to learn of the repressive measures being used in Ukraine and the Russian provinces.〔 A turning point for the dissident movement came in 1967 when Yuri Galanskov, Alexander Dobrovolsky and Vera Lashkova were arrested in Moscow for producing literary samizdat magazines. At the same moment Alexander Ginzburg was detained for collaborating with Galanskov on the ''White Book'', a volume of documents about the trial of writers Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel. The Galanskov-Ginzburg trial, and the public protests before and after the accused were convicted, formed the main subject of issue No 1 of the ''Chronicle'' (30 April 1968) and took up more than half of its contents. Issue No 1 also detailed the repressive measures taken by the authorities against those signing the numerous petitions concerning the trial, which was delayed until January 1968.〔''A Chronicle of Current Events'', No 1, 30 April 1968 — 1.1 "The Trial", 1.2 "Protests about the Trial", and 1.3 "Repressive Measures in Response to the Protests"〕〔See also Reddaway, ''Uncensored Russia'' (1972), Chapter 3, "The Galanskov-Ginzburg Trial", pp. 72–94.〕 This growth in the unofficial, alternative and uncensored circulation of information led a group including poet and translator Natalya Gorbanevskaya, writer Ilya Gabay and physicist Pavel Litvinov to consider organising a regular information bulletin. Rather than follow previous samizdat genres, the literary almanac (e.g. ''Phoenix'', ''Syntaxis'') or collections documenting a single trial (e.g. ''The White Book''), the periodical would process the steady flow of information by circulating regular reports and updates about searches, arrests, trials, conditions in prisons and camps and extrajudicial measures against protest and dissent — at least for the duration of 1968. That year marked the 20th anniversary of the UN Declaration of Human Rights and Nos 1–5 are titled ''Human Rights Year in the Soviet Union'': until 1969 ''A Chronicle of Current Events'' was the sub-title of the periodical. A prototype already existed in bulletins by repressed groups that had begun recently begun publication in samizdat. Among them were a Baptist periodical, published since 1965, and, serving as an example for the first editorial group, the informational bulletin of the Crimean Tatars, established in 1964. Unlike these single-issue periodicals, which mainly circulated among their respective groups, the authors in their new publication〔(See Andropov report to Politburo, 11 July 1968. )〕 aimed to cover a broader spectrum of political repression and appeal to a wider audience.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chronicle of Current Events」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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